What are the Principles of fasting in Christianity ?

Christians often say like you Muslims we also fast? Tell them that's good to know, may I ask what are the principles of your fasting? For example :

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when do you start to fast and when do you cease to fast?  

How many days are you to fast and what actions are taken whilst you fast? 

What prayers are performed when you fast and end fast?

who decides what year month or day your fast to start and end? What are the conditions and actions of your fast? 

Where did Jesus instruct you the accuracy of fasting and its methods? 

How do you know what precautions to take whilst fasting? What if you accidentally  eat or drank does this nullify your fast? 

Where are the instructions rules and regulations for fasting found in the gospels ?

 How did Jesus fast and what did he recommend for you Christians since you call yourself his devout followers? 

When did Jesus break his fast and what did he break his fast with? 

How do you know your fasting is accepted does it follows the criteria of the fasting which Jesus himself did?

Can you show us from the gospels any of the above criteria of fasting or is it that you made them up yourself? 

How did the early Christians fast do you have any documented records?

What types of food did Jesus and his followers  eat after fasting? 

What is the time line of fasting ?

Can a women fast when she's on her menses ?

What is permissible and impermissible whilst fasting?

Please enlighten us of your fasting procedures if you know yourself